13  Differentiation Syndrome and Treatment

14 Symptoms of DS with various AML-directed therapies


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Figure 14.1: Frequency of Differentiation Syndrome Symptoms Across Various Treatments

15 Rate of Differentiation Syndrome rates for various AML-directed therapies

  • This is a good review article(Issa et al. 2025) to review about Differntiation syndrome in AML

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Table 15.1: Differentiation Syndrome Characteristics Across Different Leukemia Treatments
Ena
Ivo
Olu
Gilt
Quiz
Rev
ATRA/ATO
IDH-I
FLT3-I
Menin-I
Characteristics ATRA_ATO IDH_Ena IDH_Ivo IDH_Olu FLT3_Gilt FLT3_Quiz Menin_Rev
Rate (%) 19-25% 12-19% 11-19% 14% 3% 5% 16-26%
Median time to onset (range), days 12 (0-46) 19 (1-86) 20 (1-78) 18 (1-561) - (2-75) 18 (5-41)
Recurrence (%) Rare 15% 12%
Severe DS (%) 6-12% 7% 4% 7% Rare 0-16%

Abbreviations: DS = Differentiation Syndrome; ATRA = All-trans retinoic acid; ATO = Arsenic trioxide; IDH = Isocitrate dehydrogenase; FLT3 = FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3; Ena = Enasidenib; Ivo = Ivosidenib; Olu = Olutasidenib; Gilt = Gilteritinib; Quiz = Quizartinib; Rev = Revumenib